TOURISM DEMAND IN INDONESIA: IMPLICATIONS IN A POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD

This study uses an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to investigate the role of incomes, relative price competitiveness, and substitution prices in tourism demand from Indonesia’s six largest countries origin 2007Q1 2019Q4. Income level, competitive prices, significantly impact for Indonesia. Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Japan, India are income elastic, signaling that is a luxury good, but China (normal good). Malaysia elastic while India, Australia less affected by changes prices. Substitute may drive tourist other destinations if change large.